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GPSC CLASS 1/2 , STUDY MATERIALS (INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION PART - 1)

GPSC CLASS 1/2 , STUDY MATERIALS  (INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION PART - 1

INDUS CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE



THE INDUS CIVILIZATION IS THE OLDEST ONE KNOWN IN ASIA. STRETCHING FROM THE ARABIAN SEA TO THE HIMALAYAS AND FROM THE DESERTGS OF INDIA TO WHAT IS NOW IRAN, IT EMBRACED 1500 OR SO SETTLEMENTS AND COVERED 2, 80,000 SQUARE MILES, AN AREA ROUGHLY THE SIZE OF TEXAS , OR TWICE THE SIZE OF ANCIENTEGYPT MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1998.


The Indus civilization was founded around 3000 B.C. and flourished from 2600 to 1900 B.C. Regarded as the world's oldest advanced civic culture,IT IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN A COLLECTION OF STTES.  Much about it is unknown because the civilization's written language has not been deciphered and no other culture with written languages. What is known has been determined from archeological excavations.
The Indus civilization was centered around Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, two city-state civilizations that emerged around 3300 B.C. and endured until around 1500 B.C.ANTHROPOLOGISTS REGARDED THE INDUS VALLEY CULTURES AS ONE OF THE WORLD'S FIRST CIVILIZATIONS ALONG WITH MESOPOTAMIA (founded in 3300 B.C), Egypt (founded in 3100 BC), and Yellow River Culture of northern China (founded shortly after 2000 BC). The Indus culture existed at the same time as these other cultures. Although trade existed between them. They appear to have developed independently and didn't have much influence on one another.

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The earliest Indus settlements were strongly fortified neolithic villages destroyed by conquest. (EduM2p.com)  The people that lived here used copper and stamp seals and worshiped mother goddesses and horned deities. Archeologists date different groups and periods from this era based on different types of pottery.  (EduM2p.com)  The fact that Indus Valley civilization settlements were built on the ruins of settlements of these cultures suggests that Indus Valley culture was imposed on them.

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